• @Siresly@lemm.ee
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    15 hours ago

    This sounds like actual impactful consequences and accountability for the rich exploitative asshole executives actually responsible? Did I forget to wake up in the morning?

  • @wulrus@lemmy.world
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    652 days ago

    One insanity in the following years was how they thought people still wanted their next generation diesel.

    I’ve been working for them in the 2010s with the department to organise the staff car fleet. We ordered many electric vehicles years ahead from production and planned it all around electric vehicles: Charging stations, operating distance, some hybrids for long distance, software to calculate trips etc.

    Then a few months before we needed them, they said: We overproduced on the latest diesel generation and can’t keep up with the demand for electric vehicles, so we have to sell the ones you ordered. You can either go with a Tesla (for official Volkswagen business trips!) or have the diesel for free.

    It felt like there was a hysteria: Decision makers got it in their heads that the “hype” for electric vehicles was ideology-driven and not something people with buying power actually wanted today or in the near future. Bit like the republican administration thinking that “woke” is our main problem. Meanwhile, huge research and development departments did come up with the electric vehicles they sell today (and fully working hydrogen prototypes you won’t see in a store, just to be safe) and must have been quite frustrated that so few were produced.

  • @slaacaa@lemmy.world
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    8 hours ago

    Before anyone becomes too happy: the post’s title is inaccurate, the two people sent to jail are only middle managers:

      • @paranoia@feddit.dk
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        172 days ago

        I mean the diesel engine department would probably be quite big for a company like Volkswagen. Each engine type has a team of engineers and a manager.

      • Christer Enfors
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        152 days ago

        I… I thought a middle manager is any manager who’s not the very lowest manager, and not the CEO? As in, any manager who has managers above and below them?

        • @colourlessidea@sopuli.xyz
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          51 day ago

          Good question - I also don’t know how clear those definitions are. In my head all managers that are under department heads would be middle, and department heads + C-suite would be upper/senior management. And the subset of upper management that is C-level is, well, C-level.

        • @Machinist@lemmy.world
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          51 day ago

          I thought middle management was the guy in between the crew and upper management?

          Absolute shit stressful job, btw. Never doing that shit again. If you have a heart, that job will kill it.

  • FireWire400
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    512 days ago

    Good. Finally they’re facing some actual consequences for their actions.

    • gian
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      82 days ago

      If only also the politicians that decided what the limits should be without any consideration for the real world would face the consequences…

      Not that the VW guys did the right thing, but what other option they had ? Close down and go home ?

      • @Honytawk@feddit.nl
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        152 days ago

        The real world consequences of keeping fossil fuel cars is much higher than banning all of them.

      • @mojofrododojo@lemmy.world
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        182 days ago

        I disagree. VW could have crashed their diesel production in favor of hybrids and EVs. They’re playing late to the game catch up now and may not survive at all. Putting off something you know is coming - the end of diesel vehicle prevalence - through deception YOU KNOW WILL RESULT IN MILLIONS OF VEHICLES CONTRIBUTING WORSE EMISSIONS BUT BEING REGARDED AS BETTER - that’s fucking heinous and criminal.

        Oh maybe you have an extra biosphere we can slap on to the one being wrecked by CO2? No?

        Anyone who knew the truth is complicit in that destruction and we’re only beginning to quantify the harm.

        • gian
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          21 day ago

          I disagree.

          Fine, but aside the fact that everyone lied in this matter, why we should spare the ones that make an absurd law with no ties to the real world and only fueled by ideology ? I repeat, I don’t think that what VW did was right.

          VW could have crashed their diesel production in favor of hybrids and EVs.

          The hybrids maybe, but that not really solve the problem, even the first hybrids from Toyota had a 1.5 liter gasoline engine.
          For a full EVs we are just now at a point where they start to become usable. And the reason is that you need a whole infrastructure around the EV cars, just think about chargers, additional space there to put them, place where you cannot put them and so on.

          They’re playing late to the game catch up now and may not survive at all.

          I agree on that.

          Putting off something you know is coming - the end of diesel vehicle prevalence - through deception YOU KNOW WILL RESULT IN MILLIONS OF VEHICLES CONTRIBUTING WORSE EMISSIONS BUT BEING REGARDED AS BETTER - that’s fucking heinous and criminal.

          Well, from a technical point of view, the diesel engine is cleaner in some way and dirtier in other so I would say that the diesel is not better but also not worse. It only produce a different type of emissions.

          And, by the way, the emission’s limits for a diesel engine in the Euro-X normatives are always way lower then the ones for the gasoline.

          Oh maybe you have an extra biosphere we can slap on to the one being wrecked by CO2? No?

          Of course not. But on the other hand I am not stupid enough to adhere blindly to an ideology.

          Anyone who knew the truth is complicit in that destruction and we’re only beginning to quantify the harm.

          So the politicians are the first you need to jail.

          • @mojofrododojo@lemmy.world
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            71 day ago

            Of course not. But on the other hand I am not stupid enough to adhere blindly to an ideology.

            ah yes, the silly ideology of breathing.

            • gian
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              113 hours ago

              So how we can call what is behind the “ban this and that” mentality which is without any real study about the consequences and without any suggestion for alternatives ? Pre-intentional stupidity ?

              Look, I am fully aware that what VW (and everyone else) did was a crime and I agree that they must pay. On the oher hand I also fully understand that you cannot change the reality only because you write a law to change it, in this case all the Euro-x normatives about emission levels.

              Do you think that it is a silly idelogy to ask that also the people that make silly decision that they will not suffer are asked to pay for the consequences ? Fine, think this way.

              Do we really lost the concept that one can agree with something but also see what the problems of that thing are ?

              Yes, VW could have switched to hydrid or EV but not in the timeframe they are given.
              Not to consider that switching the entire production to hybrid and EV without the necessary infrastructure to use them in the real world is useless, you simply build cars that nobody will buy.

              • Sirius006
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                16 hours ago

                Tokyo banned diesel motors in the late 90s. As far as I know that didn’t kill Toyota.

                At the same time European car makers started to lobby for particle filters that were supposed to solve everything. The politics who where naive enough to believe them do share responsibility, but not as much as the european auto industry that created this whole situation.

                Also, you implies that laws are made by politicians without any intervention of the industries whatsoever. I think you know that it is not how it works.

    • @tal@lemmy.today
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      1342 days ago

      I long for the day that ANYTHING close to this happens in the USA

      I guess you’ve good news, then.

      Across the Atlantic, two former VW engineers — Oliver Schmidt and James Robert Liang — are already serving prison sentences in the U.S. Schmidt, who once led VW’s environmental office in the U.S., was sentenced to seven years after initially denying guilt but later reaching a plea deal. Liang received 40 months after cooperating with prosecutors.

      • @frezik@midwest.social
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        922 days ago

        To salvage the argument, it’s quite possible this would have been different if they were from GM rather than VW.

        • @CosmoNova@lemmy.world
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          362 days ago

          It most likely would‘ve. Just look how quickly US courts started to turn Monsanto into shreds the very second Bayer bought it. They‘re after that so called stupid German money. Wouldn‘t work if it was American money.

        • sunzu2
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          92 days ago

          I am surprised VW clowns got the prison tbh but i am sure there is a reason why it actually happened here.

          System fucked up lol

        • Ulrich
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          42 days ago

          I dunno, VW is about as American as GM.

      • @CosmicTurtle0@lemmy.dbzer0.com
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        542 days ago

        two former VW engineers

        Yeah, unless they are Chief Engineers, these two are just people who got caught in the churn.

        Wake me up when the President of US Operations gets sentenced to prison. Hell, I’ll even be okay with club Fed.

        • @tal@lemmy.today
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          2 days ago

          Neither were the people in Germany.

          The court sent the former head of diesel engine development behind bars for four years and six months, and the former head of powertrain electronics to two years and seven months. Two others — Volkswagen’s former development director and a former department head — received suspended sentences, according to Der Spiegel and Deutsche Welle reports from the Braunschweig courtroom.

          The (now ex-) CEO of VW, Winterkorn, is a fugitive from justice in US – the reason he isn’t in prison in the US is because he’s hiding in Germany, and Germany doesn’t extradite its nationals. IIRC from memory back during the incident, he’s facing a total of over two hundred years in potential sentence from the charges, though some of that would probably run in parallel, were he convicted, and I assume that in practice, there’d be some sort of plea deal.

          EDIT: Maybe it was over one hundred, not two hundred. I distinctly remember trying to figure out whether the sentences could run in parallel when reading an article about it at the time. In practice, he’d probably plea bargain it down, but there also is no parole for federal sentences in the US, so he wouldn’t be getting out early, either.

          EDIT2: Also, because he’s a fugitive and it’s a federal crime:

          https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/3290

          18 U.S. Code § 3290 - Fugitives from justice

          No statute of limitations shall extend to any person fleeing from justice.

          So I expect that he’s probably going to stay in Germany for the rest of his life, unless he can find some other location that wouldn’t extradite him (Russia?)

          • @ascense@lemm.ee
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            22 days ago

            According to Wikipedia, he should have a criminal trial in Germany starting this year, so it’s possible he will still get sentenced there as well.

      • @AA5B@lemmy.world
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        22 days ago

        This is the most unbelievable part: a us court held management responsible for criminal behavior? Did that not pay their fines? Did no one have a spare jet to offer?

    • @slaacaa@lemmy.world
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      52 days ago

      Seems like it also doesn’t happen in Germany, as the post title doesn’t match the article.

      The two people sent to jail are middle managers (Head of XY), not executives.

      • magnetosphere
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        602 days ago

        While I see your point, it’s important to note that the people jailed in the US were called “engineers”, not “executives”.

        • @catloaf@lemm.ee
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          2 days ago

          You can be both. Schmidt was general manager of VW’s U.S. Environment and Engineering Office.

          As much as I like to see consequences, I would rather have just seen a very large fine put toward environmental purposes than prison time. Save prison for people who pose a direct danger to the public.

          • magnetosphere
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            242 days ago

            I would agree, but with one significant condition:

            the fine would have to be large enough to be an effective punishment, and serve as a deterrent. A company as valuable as VW would have to pay an enormous fine.

          • @sear@lemmynsfw.com
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            11 day ago

            But their scam did pose a direct health danger to society. If there are never consequences for executives, they won’t care if the company loses some money (or go bankrupt), they land another job elsewhere and live on.

          • andyburke
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            32 days ago

            <coughs out a bunch of diesel emissions> “hear hear!”

          • magnetosphere
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            112 days ago

            I don’t know if they’d have many, but I’d expect them to have at least a few. North America is a major market.

            • @SchmidtGenetics@lemmy.world
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              2 days ago

              Their subsidiary companies do, but VW is a German company, the “executives” are ALL gonna be there dude… and those US execs would be doing what THEIR oversea “executives” want them to, so there’s still people above those who may be overseas. So calling them “executives” would be wrong since there is people above them still.

              The point is, your “note” doesn’t matter mate.

              • masterofn001
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                52 days ago

                Every multinational corp has execs for each region.

                President and VP of insert region operation is a common title given to EXECS of foreign corps.

                • @SchmidtGenetics@lemmy.world
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                  2 days ago

                  Yes, what do you think subsidiary means…?

                  These engineers clearly held executive roles, they just weren’t with the Volkswagen (germany) so they would have had to clarify their subsidiary. For journalism this was the correct wording. If they wanted to call them execs, it would have had to go into detail about Volkswagen (Us particular division and reasons)

                  If you’re talking about Fritolays, you don’t just go and say execs when talking about “lays” or “Doritos” subsidiaries, you would use “engineers” or whatever other work they held to simplify it.

                  It’s an unnecessary distinction for non mutually exclusive exclusive terms, to use “executives” would lead to more confusion and that would be shit journalism….

                  It’s an article about the German Volkswagen, why are you assuming it’s about the multinational subsidiary? You can be an engineer for Volkswagen, and their subsidiary, but that requires explaining if you want to call them that. Which is totally unnecessary since the article wasn’t about them.

                • @SchmidtGenetics@lemmy.world
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                  Yes… the article is about the German company dude…… not the “Volkswagen group” and not “Volkswagen international” or whatever includes their multinational groups. To assume otherwise is just weird, they never mentioned anything but their German company.

                  Terms aren’t mutually exclusive… you don’t think those engineers held executive roles? They just weren’t executives of Volkswagen.

                  They would have had to say executives of Volkswagen (insert whatever specifics of the subsidiary), for it to be the correct term. Engineers is simpler and easier and is the proper way to express the situation.

                  Your “point” muddies the water and needs to bring on multiple additional pieces of information, which would also need to be described. Most people would know these engineers held executives roles, with some part farther down the “executive” chain.

                  You can be an engineer for Volkswagen, while also being the executive for Volkswagen US NW division, but it’s irrelevant to the article and requires more completely unnecessary information, so in the effort of good journalism and brevity….

        • @MajesticElevator@lemmy.zip
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          The fallout forced CEO Martin Winterkorn to resign, although he denied wrongdoing. U.S. authorities issued an arrest warrant for Winterkorn in 2018, but Germany does not extradite its nationals.

          Unless I misunderstood something?

      • @FreeBooteR69@lemmy.ca
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        102 days ago

        How about we don’t bring back corporal punishment. I get the sentiment, but i’d rather our justice system didn’t turn into a torture system.

  • @yucandu@lemmy.world
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    1552 days ago

    In Canada we were told that putting execs in jail would “hurt jobs” and we had to pass a law that said they just get a fine instead.

    The execs in question were caught selling hookers to Qaddafi’s son.

  • @anonymous1979@lemmy.ca
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    This! Finally! This will make other execs scratch themselves behind the ears and consider their life choices. Fines for the company they work for won’t, as these same execs just budget these fines into the crimes they’re planning to commit.

    Fuck these frauds, hope they stay in for years.

    Also, continue doing this, jail all the execs that break the law.

    • @DrunkEngineer@lemmy.world
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      342 days ago

      Despite what the headline says, no execs went to jail. The two who were punished with jail terms were middle management.

      Martin Winterkorn, the CEO, will probably avoid any serious consequences.

      • @Katana314@lemmy.world
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        222 days ago

        I only have cursory knowledge of this incident, but: It’s possible that was the right outcome. A lot of middle managers do some heinous shit, and then report only positive news to upper management with a “Don’t worry about it” attitude.

        We all know there’s also evil CEOs in the world as well, but maybe the investigation found this wasn’t one of them. 'Course, maybe they were just better at keeping plausible deniability.

        • @DrunkEngineer@lemmy.world
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          The Board had discussions about how to stonewall California. US prosecutors have filed charges against the CEO but Germany won’t extradite.

          They are all guilty as fuck.

          • @barsoap@lemm.ee
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            62 days ago

            Of course Germany won’t extradite we don’t extradite nationals to non-EU countries. It can even happen that we don’t extradite Americans to the US because they can demonstrate that they’re likely to face torture in the US, such as isolation cells.

          • @Nexz@feddit.nl
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            72 days ago

            I mean, apart from the apparent guilt, do you think any country would simply hand over its prominent nationals? If there were a case against an US CEO in Germany, hell would freeze over before extradition.

            • @DrunkEngineer@lemmy.world
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              11 day ago

              The point is that the US has gathered enough evidence to get indictments against them. Germany has access to that same evidence and has very similar laws that were violated – but has done basically nothing.

              • @Nexz@feddit.nl
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                11 day ago

                I understand the point, and for the record I also believe those responsible should be held accountable personally. The difficult thing is simply the international character of the crimes committed. If these things are illegal in Germany, perhaps they should be tried under German law and courts.

                But I also recognise that’s probably not going to happen due to the people accused having too much (political/soft) power. It’s a real dilemma when we’re talking about white collar crime.

                Say for example, I do something right now in my home country, which is illegal for me to do in, say Madagascar, but is legal where I live. The thing I’m doing, I’m doing from my office in my home country. The effect is in Madagascar - is it then reasonable for Madagascar to ask my home country for extradition?

                It’s absolutely not the same as what’s happened, but I’m taking it to an extreme to make a point. International laws are really difficult, especially when extradition of nationals is at play… not to invalidate the fact that these people did something very wrong by the way!

          • @Honytawk@feddit.nl
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            22 days ago

            The US really like their prisoners, don’t they.

            They demand extraditing of prisoners from other countries, but won’t ever extradite to other countries themselves.

        • @skisnow@lemmy.ca
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          82 days ago

          Yeah, the second one. It’s the ones prepared to do shit like that who get promoted in the first place.

  • magnetosphere
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    1692 days ago

    I’m used to executives being above the law. I had to read the article to be sure the title wasn’t clickbait.

    • Ulrich
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      722 days ago

      It is very puzzling, isn’t it? Why VW execs are put in jail and banking execs that created a global recession get off scot free?

      • The Quuuuuill
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        802 days ago

        oh that’s easy. the VW execs were under the jurisdiction of a country that gives a fuck and knows what the consecuences of unchecked greed are. the bankers were under the jurisdiction of a country that thinks maybe a little bit of fascism wouldn’t be so bad, all things considered

  • Uriel238 [all pronouns]
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    142 days ago

    I’m getting a paywall or adblock block or something. Anyone have a less problematic link to the article?

    • Drasglaf
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      142 days ago

      Here you go:

      Four former Volkswagen managers have been convicted of fraud for their roles in the so-called Dieselgate scandal, which erupted when U.S. regulators discovered that the company had installed software to cheat emissions tests on millions of VW, Audi, and Porsche vehicles worldwide.

      The court sent the former head of diesel engine development behind bars for four years and six months, and the former head of powertrain electronics to two years and seven months. Two others — Volkswagen’s former development director and a former department head — received suspended sentences, according to Der Spiegel and Deutsche Welle reports from the Braunschweig courtroom.

      The verdict follows nearly four years of proceedings and adds to the mounting legal troubles for Volkswagen. Prosecutors had asked for prison terms of two to four years, while the defense argued the men were scapegoats. Appeals remain possible.

      After being caught cheating in 2015, the company admitted to installing software in its diesel engines that activated emissions controls only during laboratory testing, allowing the vehicles to meet U.S. standards while in real-world driving, the vehicles emitted up to 40 times more pollutants.

      The fallout forced CEO Martin Winterkorn to resign, although he denied wrongdoing. U.S. authorities issued an arrest warrant for Winterkorn in 2018, but Germany does not extradite its nationals. His trial in Germany was paused in 2021 due to health issues, but he remains a key figure under investigation.

      Meanwhile, the arrest of Audi’s then-CEO Rupert Stadler in 2018 marked a dramatic shift, as German prosecutors expanded their probe into current executives. Stadler was accused of continuing to sell cars with illegal software even after the scandal broke.

      Across the Atlantic, two former VW engineers — Oliver Schmidt and James Robert Liang — are already serving prison sentences in the U.S. Schmidt, who once led VW’s environmental office in the U.S., was sentenced to seven years after initially denying guilt but later reaching a plea deal. Liang received 40 months after cooperating with prosecutors.

      Currently, German authorities are investigating up to 40 executives and engineers across Volkswagen, Audi, and Porsche, with parallel cases against Daimler (Mercedes) and BMW under way.

      OCCRP previously reported on Volkswagen’s 2017 U.S. guilty plea and multibillion-dollar settlement.

      The Dieselgate saga has so far cost VW an estimated €33 billion ($37.5 billion) and the legal and financial fallout is far from over.

      Thousands of European customers continue to press for compensation, while investigators on both sides of the Atlantic keep pushing for accountability at the highest levels.

      • @Knock_Knock_Lemmy_In@lemmy.world
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        52 days ago

        defense argued the men were scapegoats.

        If you are at the top of an organisation then you can you be a scapegoat? You are literally in charge. Your only chance is if an employee committed fraud and deliberately hid something from you.

        • The Menemen
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          Head of department is middle management. Middle management is certainly the most vulnerable position in situations like this.

          The top manager got a nice compensation and very high pension (according to German media ~€1.3 million per year), while the owners (Piech/Porsche family) still earn billions every year.

          • @Knock_Knock_Lemmy_In@lemmy.world
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            32 days ago

            Top managers do seem to be targeted.

            CEO Martin Winterkorn’s trial in Germany was paused in 2021 due to health issues, but he remains a key figure under investigation.

            The arrest of Audi’s then-CEO Rupert Stadler in 2018 marked a dramatic shift into current executives.

            Owners responsibility is interesting. I think the concept of limited liability protects them, but should it? If they actively influenced the policy I don’t think it should (but proving that is difficult).

  • @TankovayaDiviziya@lemmy.world
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    The dieselgate scandal is why I am so disappointed when I heard that Volkswagen outsold Tesla in Europe for the number one spot since the start of the year. I have been hoping it would a more scrupulous company (and non-Chinese EV manufacturer) that took the number one spot for European EV cars sold.

    • @unskilled5117@feddit.org
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      Most people don’t know that it wasn’t just VW. Sadly I don‘t think you will find any moral acting car manufacturer out there.

      Automakers who have been caught using a defeat device within a diesel vehicle, in a similar manner to Volkswagen include: Jeep and Ram under FCA[391] (now a part of Stellantis), Opel[392] (when under GM), and Mercedes-Benz.[393]

      While not all using defeat devices, diesel vehicles built by a wide range of carmakers, including Volvo, Renault, Mercedes, Jeep, Hyundai, Citroen, BMW, Mazda, Fiat, Ford and Peugeot[48][49] had independent tests carried out by ADAC that proved that, under normal driving conditions, many diesel vehicles exceeded legal European emission limits for nitrogen oxide (NOx), some by more than 10 times, and one by 14 times.[49]

      Beyond exclusively diesel or passenger vehicles, automakers such as: Hino[414] (subsidiary of Toyota), Hyundai and Kia,[415] Nissan,[416] Mazda, Yamaha Motors, Suzuki,[417] Subaru,[418] and others have been proven to be falsifying fuel economy or emissions on non-diesel powered and/or commercial vehicles.

      Soure (Wikipedia)

      • @xzot746@sh.itjust.works
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        82 days ago

        Volkswagen was definitely had the loudest outrage but as you mention, anyone making a diesel was doing the same thing.

        And to your point about morals, yeah most corporations have no idea what morals are, and some might say that’s their right as a company to just focus on money, damn everyone and everything else, your health, the environment not if it interferes with my corporations profit margin.

        Social contract what’s that about.

      • @raef@lemmy.world
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        12 days ago

        They only owned up after lying and obfuscating for years. California said they work with manufacturers when they are out of compliance, but brought their lawsuit because VW wouldn’t cooperate

    • sunzu2
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      62 days ago

      being “scrupulous” is bad business tbh

      until the law and regulatory frameworks enable good business we will keep getting more of these parasites.

    • Oniononon
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      Even without diselgate vw group cars are just poorly engineered rebadges. If not dieselgate, jail them for the hitler engine.

        • @Honytawk@feddit.nl
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          22 days ago

          Death penalties should never be used since you can never be 100% sure of a crime. Otherwise you will get innocents executed.

          Even CEOs can be scapegoats.

          • ℍ𝕂-𝟞𝟝
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            11 day ago

            That is a very good argument, however these financial crimes are on the one hand much more trackable than direct violent crime and can affect more people.

            My opinion is that we shouldn’t execute serial killers who kill dozens of people, because usually it’s hard to prove beyond doubt to the point such an irrevocable act can be taken and the process takes very long and is very expensive and is not that useful as a deterrent since these people are usually mentally ill in the first place.

            But with the Boeing CEO whose actions caused several plane crashes, it’s pretty easy to prove since instructions had to come from somewhere and the buck stops at the top, it has deterrent value, just look at UnitedHealth, and the crime is much more severe than that of a serial killer, as most serial killers don’t kill multiple hundreds of people.

        • Libra00
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          42 days ago

          I mean my own counterargument to it as that no state should have the power to execute people, and if it should it shouldn’t use it on criminals, and if it should it shouldn’t use it on financial crimes. Yeah $12bil is a lot, and I am absolutely in favor of hard time as a punishment for financial crimes, but I don’t think seriously think anyone should die over it.

          • ℍ𝕂-𝟞𝟝
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            11 day ago

            no state should have the power to execute people

            I would present a counterargument to that, as all states in the world ultimately have this power, only the circumstances differ. I mean, grab a gun and try to shoot at armed police anywhere in the world. You will be killed, and nobody can sue the state or the police who shot you for unjustly executing you. Killing you is always fair to protect other people from being killed.

            From there, we are arguing whether states should be able to kill in cold blood, which is a different conversation, and my opinion is that we should keep making penalties for “financial crimes”, which usually kill more people than any mass shooter or serial killer could, harsher and harsher until there is a clearly visible deterrent effect.

            The case of the lady in Vietnam is not even a direct “cold blood” case by the way, as the state agreed to spare her if she puts at least most of the money back, which means that lives lost because of the absence of that money might be spared. In my view, this is analogous to shooting at an active shooter, and an okay thing to do. Lives are being saved by doing this.

            • Libra00
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              123 hours ago

              I was making an argument about should, not does, and executing people is rather different than shooting someone in defense of yourself/others.

              I agree that financial crimes should have harsh penalties, just not death. The problem is that we don’t generally apply penalties to this type of crime at all; fining a company $500mil after they made $40bil or whatever by circumventing laws/regulations is not a penalty, it’s the cost of doing business.